The Heckscher-Ohlin Essay Example for Free

The Heckscher-Ohlin Essay The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem of international trade argues that a capital abundant country is supposed to export those goods that are capital intensive while a country that is labor abundant is expected to export goods that are labor intensive, while David Ricardo argued that there should be free trade among countries and also there should be specialization among the individuals in production of any products. Ricardo later assumes that there is mutual benefit in trade between two countries even if one country has the resources while the other lacks the resources. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory assumes that the two countries in trade are identical apart from the differences in their resource endowments. The abundance in capital results in the capital abundant country producing the capital intensive good (Ethier, 1974. ) When there is specialization and trade between two countries there will be an improvement in the standards of living in the two countries. The Leontief paradox argues that trade is normally determined by the level of abundance of the factors of production in any economy. He found that although the USA was well endowed with capital it exported labor intensive products and imported capital intensive products. International trade is determined by endowment factors in any Nation. Those countries which have endowment factors for the manufacturers will trade with each other while countries with favorable factors for production of primary products will trade with each other. A specific tariff is a fixed rate that is charged on a certain predetermined quantity for example$10 per Kilogram. An ad valorem tariff is a fixed percentage of the total value of the goods being imported. A compound tariff is a charge on a good comprising of both the specific tariff and the Ad Valorem Tariff. REFERENCES LIST Ethier, W. 1974. Some of the theorems of international trade with many goods and factors. Journal of International Economics, v. 4; pp. 199–206.

The Effect of Politics and Race on Identity of Puerto Ricans Essay

The Effect of Politics and Race on Identity of Puerto Ricans As is present in many articles we read about Spanish rule and American rule, there were always references to race, and the mix of races that the Puerto Ricans are, and how that has affected their identity. Kristen Moran hypothesized as to what was the origin of Spaniard's need to assert their clean lineage: "The attitude of the Spaniards concerning pure lineage, which can be traced back to the Muslim occupation of Spain, further complicated race interaction in Puerto Rico." The Ferrà © novel begins with Buenaventura's arrival to Puerto Rico from Spain, who is a member of a bourgeoisie family. Immediately there are references to the importance of a â€Å"clean lineage† and books which tracked marriages to make sure that families were remaining true to their roots. Families wanted to assert that there was no â€Å"bad blood† running through the family when another bourgeoisie family is ready to marry off their son or daughter. David Bernstein expands on this idea by writ ing that, "Buenaventura preaches his racial superiority and separation from others to his children, in the hope that this will ensure the 'purity' of future generation's white blood." This is why early on the citation by Gonzà ¡lez of â€Å"returning to Spanish era† as â€Å"returning to a society in which the white and property-owning part of the population has always oppressed and despised the non-white and non-property-owning part.†(Gonzà ¡lez, p4) was utilized in the conclusion of my first paper on early Spanish rule and has not left the schema I have created in my mind of how each set of rulers viewed Puerto Ricans. Ferrà © touches on an area that I had not connected myself, nor had read anywhere yet. This realization that... ...n the Twentieth Century. 2nd.ed. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996). Ferrà ©, Rosario. The House on the Lagoon (NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995). Gonzà ¡lez, Josà © Luis, â€Å"Puerto Rico: The Four-Storeyed Country,† from Puerto Rico: The Four-Storeyed Country and other essays (Princeton and NY: Markus Wiener Publishing, Inc.), 1-30. Moran, Kristen. Home page- H378. http://frontpage.trincoll.edu/kmoran2/project.htm Morris, Nancy. Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995). Pearson, Stacie. Home page. 10 December 1998. <http://frontpage.trincoll.edu/spearson/puerto2.htm>. Puerto Rico Herald Vol. 2 No. 25. <www.puertorico-herald.org> Rivera, Fabian. Home page-H378. http://frontpage.trincoll.edu/frivera/newpage3.htm Rodriguez, Richard. Home page- H378 http://frontpage.trincoll.edu/rrodrigu/h378p.htm

Fgm Paper

Jacob Rand FGM Paper 1 October 2, 2012 Dr. Collins Arizona State University Female genital mutilation (FGM) is to this day a current issue in many societies and cultures. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines female genital mutilation as â€Å"all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. † In this paper I will argue that female genital mutilation is an antiquated and unseemly practice and should be promptly discontinued.Nussbaum draws from first-hand experiences of victims in order to provide first hand evidence of the exact feelings, routines, and positions that people (mostly women) in the main countries in which FGM is practiced. Nussbaum dispels the obvious argument of her position being considered â€Å"ethnocentric† by engaging in the overall health concerns and issues that the act of FGM can cause women. In this way she criticizes the way in which FGM can affect women both physically and psychologically, rather than its place in their cultures. Similar article: Corporate CommunicationsShe mentions examples of people living in countries in which FGM is illegal that are opposed to FGM, and fought for their children’s right to choice and consent, though it is the cultural norm. To summarize, Nussbaum’s position on FGM is plain and simple: FGM is a problem and that something needs to be done about it, namely through education and the enforcement of laws, which are in most cases, are already in place.FGM is, according to WHO, said to have been performed in one of three commonly practiced ways on between â€Å"approximately 85 and 115 million women† The three types of afore mentioned genital mutations are as follows: â€Å"Clitoridectomy, a part or the whole clitoris is amputated†¦ In excision, both the clitoris and the inner lips are amputated†¦ In infibulation, the clitoris is removed, some or all of the labia minora are cut off, and incisions are made in the labia majora to create raw surface. T hese surfaces are either stitched together or held in contact until they heal as a hood of skin that covers he urethra and most of the vagina. † These gruesome amputations are made worse by the fact that they are generally performed with no anesthetic, local or otherwise. Additionally the conditions in which they are performed are by no means clean, and the tools used to perform such operations are sharpened rocks or razorblades, though there is not usually a means to sanitize them. Bringing an end to FGM is in no more ethnocentric than treating AIDS in countries that have to means to treat their citizens.It is a cruel and unusual punishment that is masked as being a procedure of purity. The pain alone is reason enough not to perform FGM on young girls, let alone the extreme risk of infection or even death, not to mention the long-term life altering effects it has. â€Å"Infection, hemorrhage, and abscess at the time of the operation; later difficulties in urination and menst ruation; stones in the urethra and bladder due to repeated infections†¦ infertility, obstructed labor and damaging rips and tears during childbirth. Of the effects suffered by women who undergo FGM, none are complications that a man would even remotely suffer from circumcision. Male circumcision is the cutting of the foreskin and while painful, as any surgical procedure surely is, is often done on babies before memories of such an event can be performed. While more often than not, performed without consent, circumcision has religious roots, specifically in Judaism. â€Å"Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures worldwide, and is undertaken for many reasons: religious, cultural, social and medical. Additionally there are benefits to male circumcision, â€Å"there is conclusive evidence from observational data and three randomized controlled trials that circumcised men have a significantly lower risk of becoming infected with the human immunode ficiency virus (HIV). † Male circumcision counters FGM, as there have been no positive qualities found. Though male circumcision does not generally achieve consent from the men that it is performed on, it can be beneficial The practice of FGM dates back centuries with no clear beginning and zero benefits to the women it is performed on.Though with enough exposure to the health risks and dangers, sexual equality, as well as the enforcement of, and in some cases stricter laws, FGM could one day become an ultimately antiquated practice with little to no hold on the world. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index. html [ 2 ]. May, Larry, Kai Wong, and Jill Delston, eds. Applied Ethics: A Multicultural Approach. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2011. Pg. 13) [ 3 ]. May, Larry, Kai Wong, and Jill Delston, eds. Applied Ethics: A Multicult ural Approach. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2011. (Pg. 13) [ 4 ]. May, Larry, Kai Wong, and Jill Delston, eds. Applied Ethics: A Multicultural Approach. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2011. (Pg. 14) [ 5 ]. http://www. who. int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/ [ 6 ]. http://www. who. int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/

Impact Of Gambling On The United States - 1647 Words

Andrew Isaac Isaac 1 Honors English 10 Period 2 6 April 2017 Gambling’s rise to Legality in the United States Gambling has been a popular activity in the United States from the 1600’s to the present day United States. As gambling grows as a worldwide enterprise, it expands the United States with the opportunities it provides and the attention it consumes. Gambling as a whole benefits different recreational activities and events such as sports. Gambling also allows people visiting places like Las Vegas to enjoy playing poker with friends and even winning money after a game of poker or Slot Machine. Gambling allows many activities to be expanded†¦show more content†¦With the age group consisting of anyone over 21, gambling is a main attraction when visiting a place like Las Vegas. People tend to spend their money mostly on the slot machines and multiple poker games taking place in the Casinos around the United States. These revenues go towards the workers of the Casinos and state taxes which benefits the othe r attractions surrounding the casino. The gambling industry has grown massively in little time, it has grown to make around 40 billion dollars a year. Generating this money contributes largely to make a better city or state for visitors or residents to enjoy. These casinos are usually looked down upon but they offer new horizons for men and women in the United States. The online gambling push is also coming to a close consideration with legality and within the next ten years should be completely legal (Bonesteel 1). Online gambling provides a different dimension of many businesses and also sports clubs. Most of the money from online sports gambling goes towards these sports clubs allowing them to expand their club and the league as one. As gambling begins to grow considerably larger in the United States, it is used as entertainment and recreation. As a whole, gambling allows any given city to grow economically and as whole, it brings in plenty amounts of revenue which also contrib utes to state taxes. Gambling slowly proves it has benefits towards cities and the localShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Gambling On The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pages Toulmin Argument Research Paper The concept of gambling has been around since the 1600’s when the original thirteen colonies had their own individual lotteries where people viewed gambling as a â€Å"civic responsibility† to play. These lotteries helped establish multiple universities such as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and William and Mary. 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